Deadeye_Jackal__2019__Above_Us_Only_Stars.pdf

This C4ADS report presents a year-long, data-driven investigation into widespread denial-of-service GNSS spoofing affecting civilian receivers across Russia, Crimea, and Syria, identifying 9,883 suspected spoofing instances impacting roughly 1,311 vessels and multiple locations; it combines AIS-based detection and ISS/LEO signal geolocation (with UT Austin) to attribute patterns to Russian state-linked electronic warfare activity, outlines use cases (VIP and facility protection, airspace denial), highlights likely basing sites and EW systems, and warns of safety and infrastructure risks posed by proliferating, low-cost spoofing technologies.